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**What is Mesothelioma?**
Mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that originates from the thin lining that surrounds the lungs, chest, or abdomen (known as the pleura or peritoneum). This lining, known as the mesothelium, protects these organs and produces fluid to aid in their smooth function.
**Causes of Mesothelioma**
The primary cause of mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos, a fibrous mineral. When asbestos fibers are inhaled or swallowed, they can lodge in the lungs or abdomen and over time, damage the DNA of mesothelial cells. This damage can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of tumors.
**Types of Mesothelioma**
Based on the location of the tumor, mesothelioma is classified into the following types:
* **Pleural Mesothelioma:** The most common type, affecting the lining of the lungs (pleura).
* **Peritoneal Mesothelioma:** Occurs in the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum).
* **Testicular Mesothelioma:** A rare form that affects the testicles.
**Risk Factors**
The primary risk factor for mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos. Other potential risk factors include:
* Occupation: Occupations like mining, construction, and shipbuilding have a higher risk due to asbestos exposure.
* Environmental exposure: Living in areas with high levels of asbestos in soil or water can increase risk.
* Military service: Asbestos was used extensively in military equipment and buildings, posing risks to veterans.
* Genetics: In rare cases, genetic mutations may make individuals more susceptible to mesothelioma.
**Symptoms**
Symptoms of mesothelioma vary depending on the type and location of the tumor. Pleural mesothelioma commonly causes:
* Shortness of breath
* Chest pain
* Dry cough
* Fatigue
Peritoneal mesothelioma may lead to:
* Abdominal pain
* Bloating
* Weight loss
* Nausea
**Diagnosis**
Diagnosing mesothelioma typically involves a combination of:
* Medical history and physical exam
* Chest or abdominal X-ray
* CT or MRI scans
* Biopsy to confirm the diagnosis
**Treatment**
Treatment options for mesothelioma are tailored to the individual patient and may include:
* Surgery to remove the tumor
* Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells
* Chemotherapy to shrink tumors
* Palliative care to manage symptoms
**Prognosis**
The prognosis for mesothelioma depends on various factors, including the stage of the disease, overall health, and type of treatment. While it is a rare and aggressive form of cancer, advances in treatment and research offer hope for patients.
Mesothelioma is a cancer that takes place in the membrane covering of a number of organs, such as the lungs and stomach. The most typical type can be found in the lungs and is brought on by being subjected to asbestos fibres. Correct Response