u003cstrongu003eWhat are NSAIDs?u003c/strongu003e

NSAIDs are a class of medications that are commonly sold over the counter and reduce pain and inflammation. For this reason, they are often used to relieve headaches, fever, and pain from mild injuries. NSAIDs work by blocking the actions of enzymes known as cyclooxygenases, which reduce prostaglandins in the body. Prostaglandins promote inflammation, pain, and fever. Thus, if they are blocked, those symptoms are reduced. However, because prostaglandins also protect the stomach, long-term use of NSAIDs can also cause stomach irritation or even stomach ulcers.u003cbru003eThe list of medications classified as NSAIDs includes:u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn32u0022u003e[32]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003eu003cbru003e- Ibuprofenu003cbru003e- Aspirin, depending on the dose; lower doses used for instance long-term, after a heart attack, may not be anti-inflammatory but just modulate the - u002du002d blood clottingu003cbru003e- Naproxenu003cbru003e- Indomethacinu003cbru003e- Diclofenacu003cbru003e- Celecoxibu003cbru003e- Ketoprofenu003cbru003e- Oxaprozinu003cbru003e- Piroxicamu003cbru003eu003cbru003eMany over-the-counter NSAIDs come packaged with a warning not to use them continuously for more than a few days without consulting a primary care physician. If your pain does not respond well to NSAIDs or worsens substantially at any time, seek further medical advice. If you have pain that is not responding to treatment, contact your doctor's u003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/u0022u003eFind My doctor locationu003c/au003e for free at any time.

u003cstrongu003eWhat is the link between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and nephroticu003c/strongu003e u003cstrongu003esyndrome?u003c/strongu003e

In recent years, doctors have seen an increase in the number of cases of kidney injury and nephrotic syndrome resulting from the long-term use of NSAIDs. It is most often found in adults, usually in more senior people, but is also possible among children.[33]. Younger adults are seldom affected.[34] In most cases, the situation improves when the use of the drug is discontinued.[35] However, in rare cases, chronic renal insufficiency may occur.u003cbru003eu003cbru003eIt is likely that NSAIDs, which may reduce blood flow to the kidneys, can sometimes affect the membrane that separates the glomerulus from the tubule in the nephron. These changes can contribute to, or sometimes even cause, the development of the nephrotic syndrome.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn35u0022u003e[35]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e NSAIDs can also cause other lesions in the kidneys, leading to a problem known as acute interstitial nephritis (AIN).u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn36u0022u003e[36]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e

u003cstrongu003eIf I have nephrotic syndrome, will I need to have dialysis?u003c/strongu003e

Dialysis is typically only necessary for people whose kidney function has fallen too low for the body to adequately eliminate its own liquid waste products. Many people who need dialysis only need it temporarily. However, depending on the cause of the renal insufficiency or failure, some people may need dialysis for the foreseeable future, until a kidney transplant becomes available, or for the rest of their lives. As the nephrotic syndrome is a sign of a greater underlying problem, whether someone will need dialysis very much depends on the underlying condition.[2]u003cbru003eu003cbru003ePeople with diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, or another chronic kidney disease, have a risk of developing kidney failure as a complication and therefore may possibly need long-term dialysis.[37] Those with acute kidney failure may only need dialysis for the short term.

u003cstrongu003eIs nephrotic syndrome hereditary?u003c/strongu003e

Some cases of nephrotic syndrome are hereditary or may run in the family. In particular, some types of nephrotic syndrome in children have been linked to several genes.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn38u0022u003e[38]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e

u003cstrongu003eCan babies be affected by nephrotic syndrome?u003c/strongu003e

Unfortunately, some forms of nephrotic syndrome can, although very rarely, affect babies. When it affects babies, this may have various causes. Congenital infections, such as congenital toxoplasmosis, for instance, may rarely lead to a secondary nephrotic syndrome that is not hereditary. Congenital nephrotic syndrome, on the other hand, has hereditary links and may often begin very early in infancy. It is, however a very rare genetic kidney condition that is only slightly more often found in families of Finnish or Mennonite ancestry.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn36u0022u003e[36]u003c/au003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn9u0022u003e[9]u003c/au003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn39u0022u003e[39]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e

u003cstrongu003eCan autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus cause nephrotic syndrome?u003c/strongu003e

Yes, nephrotic syndrome seems to be more likely to occur in people with autoimmune conditions than in the general population. These conditions may for instance include some chronic connective tissue disorders, e.g. systemic scleroderma, or systemic lupus erythematosus.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn40u0022u003e[40]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e Lupus nephritis, which may then lead to nephrotic syndrome, often affects people who have severe u003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/conditions/systemic-lupus-erythematosus/u0022u003esystemic lupus erythematosusu003c/au003e. Systemic lupus erythematosus can cause both u003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/conditions/nephritic-syndrome/u0022u003enephritic syndromeu003c/au003e and nephrotic syndrome.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn41u0022u003e[41]u003c/au003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn42u0022u003e[42]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e Severe systemic lupus erythematosus commonly affects the kidneys and may cause the sort of changes – proteinuria and edema especially – that are known as nephrotic syndrome. Lupus causes glomeruli to become inflamed, which can affect how effectively the kidneys remove unwanted byproducts from the blood.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn43u0022u003e[43]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e

u003cstrongu003eWhat sort of diet should people with nephrotic syndrome follow?u003c/strongu003e

There is no evidence that diet can cause nephrotic syndrome or that adjusting one’s diet can prevent the nephrotic syndrome.[5] Some dietary changes may be useful and supportive in the management of nephrotic syndrome, however. A person affected by nephrotic syndrome, or the caregiver of a child with nephrotic syndrome, should always discuss their diet with their nephrologist before making any specific changes.u003cbru003eu003cbru003eHowever, generally, it can be said that, with nephrotic syndrome, regulating salt and fluid intake is important, and some dietary changes can help to manage this, e.g., by drinking water or lower fat milk rather than soda and avoiding salty foods.[44] Dietary changes may possibly involve restricting salt, cholesterol, and fat, eating more vegetables and fruits, and choosing lean meats. u003cstrongu003eNo specific changes should be made without first getting a professional medical opinion, and protein and overall fluid intake should only be restricted in case of a nephrologist specifically advising someone to do so.u003c/strongu003eu003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn45u0022u003e[45]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e

u003cstrongu003eWhat is End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)?u003c/strongu003e

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is also known as kidney failure, a state in which the kidneys cannot function well enough to prevent the buildup of toxic levels of substances in the blood. In a person with healthy kidneys, these would normally be eliminated by the kidneys. People with ESRD very often need dialysis or a kidney transplant. ESRD is the final stage of u003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/conditions/chronic-renal-failure/u0022u003echronic renal failureu003c/au003e, which is nowadays commonly known as chronic kidney disease.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn46u0022u003e[46]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e

u003cstrongu003eWhat is the difference between a syndrome and a disease?u003c/strongu003e

Although many people use the terms interchangeably, a syndrome and a disease are medically not the same. A disease or condition is usually defined as the body’s response to external or internal factors, such as a virus, bacteria, or a faulty immune-system reaction. A syndrome is a group of symptoms or signs that may suggest the presence of a particular disease or disorder. The term syndrome may also be used as an umbrella term summing up the presence of multiple conditions or diseases. In the case of metabolic syndrome, for example, to give the diagnosis, at least 3 out of 5 conditions must present out of a cluster of increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels.u003csupu003eu003ca href=u0022https://adoctor.org/wp-admin/post.php?post=4909u0026amp;action=edit#fn47u0022u003e[47]u003c/au003eu003c/supu003e

What Is Nephrotic Syndrome?

**What is Nephrotic Syndrome?**

**Definition**

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by the excessive loss‍ of protein in the urine, specifically ⁣albumin. It results in low levels of protein in the blood (hypoalbuminemia)‍ and abnormal fluid retention (edema).

**Causes**

Nephrotic syndrome can have several causes, including:

* **Primary (idiopathic)**: No ⁤underlying cause can be identified.

* **Secondary**: Caused by another medical condition,⁤ such⁢ as:

* Diabetes

* Lupus (SLE)

‌ * Amyloidosis

⁢* Certain medications

**Symptoms**

* Edema (swelling in legs, ankles, feet, hands, and face)

* Foamy or bubbly urine

* Frequent urination at night

* Fatigue

* Loss⁢ of appetite

* Abdominal‌ pain

* Nausea and ⁤vomiting

**Diagnosis**

Nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed through:

* **Urine‍ test**: Checks for protein ‍levels in the urine (proteinuria).

* **Blood test**: Measures albumin levels and checks⁢ for ⁣other abnormalities.

* ‌**Kidney biopsy**: In some cases, a ‌small sample of kidney tissue may be taken to determine the cause.

**Treatment**

Treatment for nephrotic syndrome depends on the⁤ underlying cause and severity. It may ⁢include:

* **Medications** ⁢to reduce protein loss‌ in‌ the urine (corticosteroids, diuretics)

* **Immunosuppressive drugs** to suppress the immune system

* **Dietary‌ modifications** to ⁢reduce sodium and protein intake

* **Surgery** in severe cases where underlying conditions‍ need correction

* **Dialysis**⁤ or **kidney transplant**⁤ in advanced cases where kidney function is severely impaired

**Prognosis**

The prognosis for nephrotic syndrome varies depending on the underlying cause and severity. With early detection and appropriate ‌treatment, most patients can experience improvement in symptoms and long-term‍ kidney function. However,‍ some cases can ⁤lead to permanent kidney damage or kidney failure.

**Additional Information**

* **Types**: Nephrotic syndrome‌ can ⁤be classified as minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), or⁣ membranous nephropathy, based ⁢on the underlying cause of glomerular ⁣damage.

*‌ **Risk Factors**: Certain factors, such as diabetes, family history, and certain medications,⁢ can⁣ increase ⁢the risk of developing nephrotic syndrome.

*⁤ **Complications**:‍ Untreated nephrotic syndrome ‍can lead to ‌serious complications such as blood ⁣clots, infections, and impaired kidney function.

* **Prevention**: There ⁤is⁤ no known ‍way to prevent nephrotic syndrome, but early diagnosis and management⁤ can minimize complications.

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suzannewelsh8

فبراير 18, 2024 | 11:19 م رد

Nephrotic syndrome is a difficult and challenging health condition that requires close monitoring by a specialist. As this site is not a substitute for medical advice, please seek proper medical advice from a qualified healthcare professional if you think you may be experiencing symptoms of nephrotic syndrome or any other disorder.

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