What is Herpes Simplex?

Herpes simplex typically referred to as “herpes” or HSV, is a viral infection caused by
the herpes simplex virus. The virus comes in two varieties: Herpes type one (HSV-1) and
herpes type two (HSV-2).

Although it can occasionally cause genital herpes, herpes type one
(also called herpes labialis) generally leads to sores around the mouth, whereas herpes type
two generally leads to genital sores. These sores, also known as cold sores or fever
blisters, can be painful but are generally manageable. As yet, there is no known cure for
the herpes simplex virus.^[1]

Symptoms of herpes simplex

Many people who contract the herpes simplex virus do not display any signs or symptoms of
infection. If an individual does begin to display symptoms they will normally develop within
two to 20 days after the initial infection and may include:^[2]

• An itching or burning sensation: This generally precedes the development of sores and
  can occur around the mouth or genitals.
• Sores: May occur singularly or in clusters. Sores begin as fluid-filled blisters and
  will generally ooze and crust over before healing. Typically, they last for between seven and 10 days. Oral herpes will normally cause sores to appear on the face or lips, whereas the penis, vagina, buttocks or anus are the most common locations for genital herpes sores.
• Flu-like symptoms: Fatigue, muscle pain, fever and swollen glands in the neck or genital area are possible.
• Urination problems: People with genital herpes (especially women) may experience pain
  or a burning sensation when urinating.
• Eye infection: The herpes simplex virus may spread to the eyes, resulting in possible
  pain, discharge and light sensitivity. If left untreated, the infection can lead to scarring on the outer layer of the eye. The infection is sometimes referred to as keratitis and occurs in less than five percent of cases.

After the initial infection, herpes simplex can exist in a dormant (latent) state, wherein
no symptoms present themselves but the virus is still present within the body. Latent
herpes simplex can reactivate because of a number of factors, including:

• Fever
• Menstruation
• Emotional stress.

Worried you may have this condition?, check your conditions Adoctor conditions.

Read more about Signs of Herpes »

Causes of herpes simplex

Herpes simplex is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact between an individual infected
with the virus and an individual who is not. The carrier of the infection does not need to
have symptoms of the infection in order for it to be transmitted. The infection is highly
contagious.

Oral herpes commonly develops, especially in children, through activities such as kissing
or sharing eating utensils or toothbrushes. Genital herpes is typically transmitted through
sexual activity, including:^[3]

• Unprotected sex (vaginal or anal)
• Sharing sex toys
• Close genital contact

It is also possible for mothers to pass on the herpes simplex virus to their children during birth.

Diagnosing herpes simplex

The most common method for diagnosing herpes simplex of both types is a physical examination. A doctor will examine the blisters and sores, inquire about other symptoms, and will generally be able to make a diagnosis on the basis of these.

To confirm the presence of the virus, a laboratory test, known as a herpes viral culture
of lesions test, can also be performed. To do so, a sample of fluid is taken from the sores
and sent to a lab for testing.^[4] Tests are also available to differentiate between herpes
simplex virus one and two, including immunofluorescence staining and the immunoblot test (IgG).^[5]

If there are no visible symptoms of the virus, blood tests can be ordered to diagnose an
infection with the herpes simplex virus. This is known as a serum herpes simplex antibodies
test. After taking blood, the sample will be sent to a laboratory and be tested, not for
the virus itself, but for the presence of the antibodies produced by the body to fight the
virus.^[6]

Treatment of herpes simplex

There is no cure for the herpes simplex virus. However, treatments aimed at lessening the symptoms and controlling recurrent outbreaks are available.

The most common treatment method is the use of antiviral creams and ointments. To be most effective, creams and ointments should be used as soon as the symptoms of herpes appear. The affected area should be kept clean and dry, and no other lotions or ointments should be applied unless they are recommended by a doctor.

If the herpes sores are occurring frequently, it may be advised to use the treatments every day, even when no visible symptoms are present. This is known as suppressive therapy. Medications are usually used for suppressive therapy, the most common being:^[7]

• Acyclovir
• Valacyclovir
• Famciclovir

Read more about treatment for oral herpes »

Herpes simplex prevention

Herpes simplex is most commonly spread by skin-to-skin contact, as well as through objects
that have been in contact with herpes sores. Those that have been infected with the virus
should take a number of measures to lessen the risk of transmitting herpes simplex. These
include:

• Avoid kissing during an outbreak, when the chances of transmitting the virus are highest
• Avoid sharing things such as toothbrushes and eating utensils
• Avoid touching the sores (if impossible, ensure the hands are thoroughly washed before
  coming into contact with anyone else)

To reduce the risk of spreading or contracting genital herpes, the most effective method
is to use a condom during vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Condoms, however, do not cover all
parts of the genital area, meaning they do not guarantee full protection.^[8]

During an outbreak of the virus, sexual activity should be avoided completely, as this is
when the chances of transmitting the virus are highest. Sharing sex toys should always be
avoided. Complete protection against the virus can only be guaranteed through full abstention from sexual activity.

Herpes simplex prognosis

In otherwise healthy children and adults, herpes simplex rarely leads to any severe
complications. However, newborn babies and people with weakened immune systems can suffer
severe and serious complications. One complication that has been linked to herpes simplex
is encephalitis, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition affecting the brain.[9]

When newborn babies or people with weakened immune systems show symptoms of the virus,
professional medical attention should be sought quickly.

In all cases, the virus never leaves the body and may lay dormant indefinitely. The first
outbreak (the primary outbreak) is generally the most aggressive, with recurrences typically
milder and less painful.^[9]

Herpes simplex FAQs

Other names for herpes simplex

• Herpes
• HSV

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1. WebMD. “Herpes Simplex: Herpes Type 1 and 2.” September 8, 2016. Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

2. American Academy of Dermatology. “Herpes Simplex: Signs and Symptoms.” Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

3. Medical News Today. “Herpes: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments.” December 16, 2016. Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

4. Medline Plus. “Herpes viral culture of lesions.” September 26, 2015. Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

5. STD Check. “Everything About Herpes 1 & 2 and HSV Testing.” July 31, 2015. Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

6. Healthline. “Serum Herpes Simplex Antibodies Test.” January 19, 2016. Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

7. MSD Manual Consumer Version. “Herpes Simplex Virus Infections.” Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

8. Planned Parenthood. “How is herpes prevented?” Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

9. American Academy of Dermatology. “Herpes Simplex: Diagnosis and Treatment.” Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

10. Herpes Viruses Association. “Frequently Asked Questions.” Accessed: July 10, 2017. ↩

**What is Herpes Simplex?**



**Overview**

Herpes simplex is a common ‍viral infection that can affect⁤ various parts of⁢ the body, including ​the ‌skin, eyes,‍ and ⁤genitals. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus ​(HSV), which can be transmitted through direct contact with ‍infected⁢ bodily fluids. There are two main types of HSV: HSV-1‌ and ⁣HSV-2.



**Types of Herpes Simplex**



**1. HSV-1 (Oral ⁤Herpes)**

* Typically causes⁢ cold sores​ around the mouth and lips.

* Can also spread to other areas of the face, such‍ as the eyes.



**2. HSV-2 (Genital Herpes)**

* Typically causes genital herpes, which affects the genitals and surrounding areas.

* Can also spread to other parts of the body, including the buttocks and thighs.



**Transmission**



HSV can⁢ be spread through:



* Direct contact with infected⁤ bodily fluids, including saliva, genital fluids, ‌and skin sores

* Sharing towels, ⁣utensils, or ⁣other personal items that have been in contact with an infected ⁢person

* Touching infected areas on another ⁤person, even if there are no visible sores

* Sharing contaminated items, such⁤ as sex toys or dental instruments



**Symptoms**



Symptoms‌ of herpes simplex can⁢ vary depending on the type and location of the infection. Common symptoms include:



* **Cold sores:** Painful blisters around the mouth or lips

* **Genital herpes:** Painful ‌blisters or ‍ulcers on the genitals ​and surrounding areas

* **Fever**

* **Body aches**

* **Swollen lymph nodes**

* **Eye infections**



**Treatment**



There is no cure for herpes simplex, but antiviral medications can⁤ help to reduce the severity and ‌duration of outbreaks. These medications can be taken orally‍ or topically.



**Prevention**



Reducing the risk⁣ of acquiring ⁣herpes simplex includes:



*⁢ Avoiding⁤ contact with⁣ infected individuals

* Practicing safe ​sex ⁣using condoms

* Washing hands frequently

* Not sharing personal items that may⁤ have been ⁤in contact with infected people



**Complications**



In certain cases, herpes simplex can⁣ lead to ​complications, such as:



* **Recurrent outbreaks:** Herpes simplex outbreaks can recur periodically, even with treatment.

* **Spread to other areas of the body:** In rare cases, HSV can spread ‌to⁣ the central nervous system or the eyes.

* ⁢**Increased risk of HIV infection:** HSV ‍can increase⁤ the risk of acquiring‌ HIV.



**Conclusion**



Herpes simplex is a ⁢common viral infection with various manifestations. Understanding its transmission, symptoms, and prevention strategies is crucial‌ for reducing the risk of infection and managing outbreaks effectively. ⁤Regular medical checkups and open communication with healthcare professionals ⁣are essential to ensure appropriate treatment and follow-up care.