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## Q&A: Signs of a Concussion
### What is a Concussion?
A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) that occurs when the brain is subjected to sudden force or acceleration, leading to a brief disruption of normal brain function.
### What are the Signs of a Concussion?
Recognizing the signs of a concussion is crucial. If you or someone you know has experienced a head injury, watch for these symptoms:
**Immediate Symptoms:**
* Loss of consciousness (brief or lasting)
* Confusion or disorientation
* Memory loss (difficulty remembering what happened before, during, or after the injury)
* Headache
* Nausea or vomiting
* Difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly
* Dizziness or balance problems
**Signs That May Develop Within Hours or Days:**
* Sensitivity to light or sound
* Vision changes (blurred or double vision, sensitivity to light)
* Sleep disturbances (difficulty falling or staying asleep)
* Mood changes (irritability, anxiety, depression)
* Persistent headache
* Persistent nausea
* Balance problems
* Neurological deficits (weakness, numbness, difficulty coordinating)
### How Can a Concussion Be Diagnosed?
Diagnosing a concussion requires a thorough physical and neurological examination by a qualified healthcare professional. The doctor may ask about symptoms, conduct cognitive tests, and perform imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI scans to rule out other potential brain injuries.
### When Should You Seek Medical Attention for a Head Injury?
Seek immediate medical attention for any head injury that results in:
* Loss of consciousness
* Seizures
* Worsening symptoms
* Signs of a skull fracture (tenderness or bruising around the eyes or ears, clear fluid draining from the nose or ears)
### What is the Treatment for a Concussion?
Concussions usually resolve within a few weeks, but recovery varies depending on the severity of the injury. Treatment typically involves:
* Rest and avoiding strenuous activity
* Medication for pain or headaches
* Gradual return to normal activity under medical supervision
### How Can You Prevent a Concussion?
Preventing concussions is crucial, especially during high-risk activities such as sports:
* Wear a helmet when participating in sports or engaging in activities where falls are possible.
* Avoid unnecessary risks and hazardous situations.
* Teach children safe play practices.
* Recognize and report any signs of a concussion.
Remember, if you suspect a concussion, seek medical attention immediately and follow the doctor’s recommendations for recovery.
Concussion signs include headaches, nausea or vomiting, sensitivity to light or noise, inability to concentrate, loss of memory, tiredness or lethargy, dizziness or balance issues, clumsiness or impaired coordination, confusion, irritability, and difficulty sleeping.