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What is Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)?
Kidney stones, or nephrolithiasis, is a common condition in which hard collections, or calculi, form in the renal system, usually in the tube between the kidney and the bladder. These collections are the result of urine becoming saturated with minerals…
What is Hypothermia?
Hypothermia is when the body’s core temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius or 95 degrees Fahrenheit. It is a life-threatening condition and if suspected as a diagnosis, medical attention should be sought immediately.People in specific age ranges (very young or…
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder affecting bowel function, characterized by symptoms mostly relating to digestive discomfort, including diarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas, cramping, and abdominal pain. IBS affects around 11 % of the population globally. In western…
What is Pericarditis (Inflammation of the Heart Membrane)?
Pericarditis is a term for inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane around the heart. The pericardium, which keeps the heart in place and prevents friction from surrounding organs, is a sac comprised of two layers of tissue with lubricating fluid…
What is Endometrial Cancer?
Endometrial cancer, or uterine cancer, is a cancer of the lining of the uterus or womb (the endometrium). This condition is most common in women who have been through menopause. Common symptoms are vaginal bleeding after menopause and pain low…
What is Brain Stem Stroke?
A brain stem stroke occurs when there is a blockage obstructing the flow of blood to the brain stem ‒ the base of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord. A brain stem stroke can be due to…
What is Foreign Body Aspiration?
Foreign body aspiration, also known as pulmonary aspiration, occurs when an object is accidentally inhaled into a person’s airways. This usually results in an obstruction of a specific area of the respiratory tract, such as:[1] The larynx. Also known as…
What is Endocarditis?
Endocarditis is a rare infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) and theheart valves, usually caused by germs (or, less commonly, fungus) entering the bloodstreamand passing into the heart.[1] However, a rare, non-infective variant also exists. Non-infectiveendocarditis is…
What is Anal Cancer?
Anal cancer is a rare cancer that arises from the anus. The anus is comprised of the anal canal, a passage about 3-4 cm or 1.5 inches and the anal margin, also known as perianal skin, the opening where feces…
What is Osteomalacia?
Osteomalacia is the softening of bones in the body, leading to bone pain, bone tenderness, bending of the long bones, and, in some cases, fractures. Although bone appears to be hard, it is mostly made of collagen, the same material…