What is Testicular Cancer?
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Testicular cancer is rare cancer that arises from the testicles. The testicles are male reproductive organs within the scrotum (scrotal sac) that produce sperm and the male hormone, testosterone. It is the most common cancer in young men between ages 15 and 35. The most common symptoms of testicular cancer are a painless lump or swelling in either testicle and a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
However, cancer may show no symptoms. Surgical removal of the cancer is the primary treatment. Other treatment options are generally based on the stage of testicular cancer. Many people recover well after treatment for testicular cancer.
Risks of testicular cancer
Cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. These cells destroy the healthy cells around them and can spread into other parts of the body. Testicular cancer occurs when this takes place in the testicle. Although testicular cancer is one of the less common cancers overall, it is one of the most common solid cancers in men between the ages of 20 and 35. Older men and younger boys also can get this cancer, but this is less common.
The cause of testicular cancer is not known. Men who have a family member who has had testicular cancer may be more likely to also develop testicular cancer. Men with HIV, who had an undescended testicle as a child (a condition where the testicle is not in the scrotum) or who have a chromosomal condition called Klinefelter syndrome also have a higher risk of developing testicular cancer.
Testicular cancer Symptoms
The most common symptom is a painless lump or swelling affecting the testicle. Other symptoms include a feeling of heaviness, pain, or swelling of the scrotum (the muscular bag which holds the testicles). Some people feel pain and heaviness in the lower part of their abdomen. Some men may develop breast tissue, but this is uncommon.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made based on the physical examination of the scrotum, blood tests, and an ultrasound scan of the scrotum and CT scan of the abdomen. The diagnosis is confirmed when a small sample (biopsy) of the testicle shows cancer. Further scans and tests may be done to see if cancer has spread.
Treating testicular cancer
Treatment depends on the size of cancer, the specific type of cancer, and whether it has spread elsewhere in the body. This determines the stage of cancer. In most cases, cancer and affected testicle will be surgically removed. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are chosen depending on the stage and type of testicular cancer.
The treating doctor can give the best advice in individual cases. These treatments can cause infertility. If the man would like to have children in the future, sperm banking before treatment is an option. Emotional support via individual counseling or a support group is helpful in coming to terms with the diagnosis and while undergoing treatment.
Prevention
Self-examination of the testicles can help to detect testicular cancer in the early stages, which could be helpful in successful treatment.
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## What is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer, also known as **testis cancer**, is a cancerous growth that develops in the testicles, the male reproductive glands responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. Testicular cancer is a highly treatable type of cancer when detected early.
### Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of testicular cancer is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:
– **Cryptorchidism:** Undescended testicles at birth increase the risk.
– **Family History:** A personal or family history of testicular cancer increases the risk.
– **Age:** Testicular cancer most commonly occurs in men aged 15 to 34.
– **Race:** White men are at a higher risk than other racial groups.
### Types of Testicular Cancer
There are two main types of testicular cancer:
– **Seminoma:** A type of cancer that spreads slowly and is less aggressive.
– **Non-Seminoma:** A more aggressive type of cancer that spreads more rapidly.
### Symptoms
Early-stage testicular cancer often does not have any noticeable symptoms. As the cancer progresses, the following symptoms may develop:
– A lump or swelling in the testicle
- Pain or discomfort in the testicle or groin
– Enlargement or tenderness of the breast tissue
– Back pain
### Diagnosis
Testicular cancer is diagnosed through a physical examination, ultrasound imaging, and a blood test to check for tumor markers. A biopsy is typically performed to confirm the diagnosis.
### Treatment Options
Treatment for testicular cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer. Treatment options may include:
– **Surgery:** To remove the affected testicle (radical inguinal orchiectomy).
– **Radiation Therapy:** High-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells.
- **Chemotherapy:** Medications to shrink or kill cancer cells throughout the body.
– **Active Surveillance:** Close monitoring for slow-growing tumors without immediate treatment.
### Prevention
While there is no definitive way to prevent testicular cancer, early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Regular self-examinations and routine checkups can help identify any changes in the testicles that may indicate cancer.
### Recovery and Follow-Up
After treatment, regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor for recurrence. Recovery from testicular cancer can vary depending on the type of treatment received. Some patients may experience side effects, such as:
– Fatigue
– Infertility
– Lymphedema (swelling in the groin)
### Conclusion
Testicular cancer is a highly treatable disease when detected early. If you notice any changes in your testicles, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Regular self-examinations and checkups can increase the chances of early detection and successful treatment.
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