Qu'est-ce que le cancer de l'œsophage ?
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**What is Esophageal Cancer?**
**Question: What is esophageal cancer?**
**Answer:** Esophageal cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the esophagus, a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The most prevalent types are **squamous cell carcinoma** and **adenocarcinoma**.
**Question: What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer?**
**Answer:** Symptoms often develop in advanced stages and include:
* Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
* Weight loss
* Persistent heartburn
* Regurgitation of food or liquid
* Chest pain or discomfort
**Question: What causes esophageal cancer?**
**Answer:** Risk factors include:
* **Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)**
* Barrett’s esophagus (precancerous change in the esophageal lining)
* Obesity
* Smoking
* Excessive alcohol consumption
* Achalasia (abnormal relaxation of the esophageal valve)
**Question: How is esophageal cancer diagnosed?**
**Answer:** Diagnosis typically involves:
* **Endoscopy** (insertion of a flexible camera) with biopsy
* **Endoscopic ultrasound** (using sound waves)
* **Barium swallow** (X-ray with a barium contrast agent)
* **CT scan** (computed tomography)
* **PET scan** (positron emission tomography)
**Question: How is esophageal cancer treated?**
**Answer:** Treatment options depend on the stage and location of the cancer and may include:
* **Surgery** (to remove the cancerous section of the esophagus)
* **Chemotherapy**
* **Radiation therapy**
* **Targeted therapy** (drugs that target specific molecular changes)
* **Immunotherapy** (stimulating the immune system to fight cancer)
**Question: What is the prognosis for esophageal cancer?**
**Answer:** Prognosis varies greatly depending on the stage of cancer at diagnosis. The earlier it’s detected, the better the chances for a successful outcome. Overall, the 5-year survival rate for all stages of esophageal cancer is approximately 19%.
**Question: How can I prevent esophageal cancer?**
**Answer:** Preventive measures include:
* Managing heartburn and GERD
* Quitting smoking
* Limiting alcohol intake
* Maintaining a healthy weight
* Consuming a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables
Cancer de l'oesophage
Cancer de l'oesophage