Qu'est-ce que le cancer du sein ?
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## What is Breast Cancer?
**Definition:**
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the cells of the breast. It occurs when breast cells undergo uncontrolled growth and division, forming a mass or lump within the breast tissue.
**Types:**
There are several types of breast cancer, including:
* **Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC):** The most common type, originating in the ducts that carry milk from the breast.
* **Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC):** Originating in the lobules (milk-producing glands).
* **Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS):** Non-invasive cancer confined to the milk ducts.
* **Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS):** Non-invasive cancer confined to the lobules.
* **Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC):** A rare and aggressive subtype that causes the breast to become swollen, red, and inflamed.
**Risk Factors:**
* Age (risk increases with age)
* Family history of breast cancer
* Gene mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2)
* Obesity
* Dense breasts
* Early menstruation
* Late menopause
* Never having breastfed
* Alcohol consumption
* Hormone replacement therapy
**Symptoms:**
* Lump or thickening in the breast or underarm
* Change in the size or shape of the breast
* Nipple retraction or discharge (not breast milk)
* Redness or swelling of the breast
* Dimpling or puckering of the breast skin
**Diagnosis:**
* Clinical breast exam
* Mammogram (X-ray of the breast)
* Ultrasonography (sound waves to create images of the breast)
* Biopsy (removal of a small tissue sample for testing)
**Treatment:**
Breast cancer treatment options can include:
* **Surgery:** Lumpectomy (removal of the lump) or mastectomy (removal of the entire breast)
* **Radiation therapy:** Using high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells
* **Chemotherapy:** Using drugs to kill cancer cells
* **Hormone therapy:** Blocking hormones that fuel cancer growth
* **Targeted therapy:** Using drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth
* **Immunotherapy:** Boosting the body’s immune response to fight cancer
**Prevention:**
* Maintain a healthy weight
* Exercise regularly
* Reduce alcohol consumption
* Consider genetic testing for hereditary risk
* Breastfeed, if possible
* Get regular mammograms
**Importance of Early Detection:**
Early detection through regular screenings (mammograms) is crucial for improving breast cancer outcomes. When diagnosed and treated early, the chances of successful treatment and survival are significantly higher.
Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the breast. It is the most common cancer among women in the United States, after skin cancer.
Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the breast. It is the most common cancer among women in the United States, after skin cancer.