Qu'est-ce que la splénectomie : aperçu, avantages et résultats attendus
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What is Splenectomy?
A splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen. It is the most common major operation used to treat certain conditions of the spleen. The spleen is an organ located in the upper abdomen. It is a part of the lymphatic system and helps the body in filtering out and destroying certain types of bacteria.
Splenectomy may be performed for conditions such as spleen enlargement (splenomegaly), spleen tumors, blood disorders that affect the spleen, and infection of the spleen. Rarely, damage to the spleen caused by injury may require a splenectomy.
The main goal of a splenectomy is to prevent and treat infections by removing the spleen and its potentially harmful bacteria. After the surgery, the body will still be able to fight infections, but the risk of life-threatening infection is increased.
Overview of Splenectomy
Splenectomy may be performed for a variety of reasons. It can be used to remove a large or diseased spleen, reduce the risk of infection, and treat certain blood disorders. It may also be used to help diagnose diseases, such as certain types of leukemia and lymphoma.
Splenectomy is typically performed under general anesthesia by a team of specialists, such as general surgeons, gastroenterologists, hematologists, and oncologists. The entire surgery usually takes approximately two to three hours and may be done either through open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery.
In open surgery, a long incision is made along the midline of the abdomen. The surgeon then removes the spleen and checks for any other affected organs, such as the stomach or nearby lymph nodes. In laparoscopic splenectomy, small incisions are made in the abdomen and the spleen is removed with a laparoscope and instrument. This method of splenectomy usually requires shorter hospital stays and quicker healing times.
Benefits of Splenectomy
Splenectomy is a beneficial treatment option for numerous medical conditions. The main benefit of the procedure is the removal of diseased and/or enlarged spleen. It can also reduce symptoms associated with the condition, including pain, infection, and hemolytic anemia. It can also improve other conditions associated with the spleen, such as abnormal blood clots.
Other potential benefits of splenectomy include:
• Improved shortness of breath
• Reduced risk of infection, as the spleen no longer filters out bacteria
• Better quality of life due to a reduction in symptoms
• Reduced risk of organ damage
• Improved symptom management of organ dysfunction
Expected Results of Splenectomy
After a splenectomy, many of the symptoms associated with the condition, such as pain and infection, will be reduced. Most people can expect to have a quicker recovery and improved quality of life.
However, the body’s ability to fight infections is reduced after this procedure. Because of this, it is important to protect against infection by receiving immunizations and taking antibiotics before and after surgery. Additionally, recovery from splenectomy also requires close monitoring of the body’s lymphatic system as well as lifestyle changes.
It is important to talk to a doctor before and after surgery to assess the benefits and risks of splenectomy and to determine if the procedure is right for you.
Preventing Infection After Splenectomy
After splenectomy, it is important for patients to protect themselves from infection. To do this, patients should take proper precautions to avoid potential infections, including:
• Receiving recommended vaccinations before and after surgery to protect against infections
• Taking antibiotics before and after surgery to protect against infections
• Eating foods with high nutritional value to maintain a healthy immune system
• Washing hands regularly to reduce the spread of infections
• Avoiding contact with individuals with contagious illnesses
Conclusion
To summarize, splenectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove an enlarged or diseased spleen. It can be used to treat a variety of conditions, such as blood disorders, spleen tumors, and infection. The main benefit of the procedure is the removal of potentially harmful bacteria.
It is important to talk to a doctor before and after splenectomy to assess the benefits and risks associated with the procedure and to determine if it is the right option for you. After splenectomy, it is important to take precautions to reduce the risk of infection, such as receiving vaccines and taking antibiotics before and after surgery.
A splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen. It is the most common major operation used to treat certain conditions of the spleen. The spleen is an organ located in the upper abdomen. It is a part of the lymphatic system and helps the body in filtering out and destroying certain types of bacteria.
Splenectomy may be performed for conditions such as spleen enlargement (splenomegaly), spleen tumors, blood disorders that affect the spleen, and infection of the spleen. Rarely, damage to the spleen caused by injury may require a splenectomy.
The main goal of a splenectomy is to prevent and treat infections by removing the spleen and its potentially harmful bacteria. After the surgery, the body will still be able to fight infections, but the risk of life-threatening infection is increased.
Overview of Splenectomy
Splenectomy may be performed for a variety of reasons. It can be used to remove a large or diseased spleen, reduce the risk of infection, and treat certain blood disorders. It may also be used to help diagnose diseases, such as certain types of leukemia and lymphoma.
Splenectomy is typically performed under general anesthesia by a team of specialists, such as general surgeons, gastroenterologists, hematologists, and oncologists. The entire surgery usually takes approximately two to three hours and may be done either through open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery.
In open surgery, a long incision is made along the midline of the abdomen. The surgeon then removes the spleen and checks for any other affected organs, such as the stomach or nearby lymph nodes. In laparoscopic splenectomy, small incisions are made in the abdomen and the spleen is removed with a laparoscope and instrument. This method of splenectomy usually requires shorter hospital stays and quicker healing times.
Benefits of Splenectomy
Splenectomy is a beneficial treatment option for numerous medical conditions. The main benefit of the procedure is the removal of diseased and/or enlarged spleen. It can also reduce symptoms associated with the condition, including pain, infection, and hemolytic anemia. It can also improve other conditions associated with the spleen, such as abnormal blood clots.
Other potential benefits of splenectomy include:
• Improved shortness of breath
• Reduced risk of infection, as the spleen no longer filters out bacteria
• Better quality of life due to a reduction in symptoms
• Reduced risk of organ damage
• Improved symptom management of organ dysfunction
Expected Results of Splenectomy
After a splenectomy, many of the symptoms associated with the condition, such as pain and infection, will be reduced. Most people can expect to have a quicker recovery and improved quality of life.
However, the body’s ability to fight infections is reduced after this procedure. Because of this, it is important to protect against infection by receiving immunizations and taking antibiotics before and after surgery. Additionally, recovery from splenectomy also requires close monitoring of the body’s lymphatic system as well as lifestyle changes.
It is important to talk to a doctor before and after surgery to assess the benefits and risks of splenectomy and to determine if the procedure is right for you.
Preventing Infection After Splenectomy
After splenectomy, it is important for patients to protect themselves from infection. To do this, patients should take proper precautions to avoid potential infections, including:
• Receiving recommended vaccinations before and after surgery to protect against infections
• Taking antibiotics before and after surgery to protect against infections
• Eating foods with high nutritional value to maintain a healthy immune system
• Washing hands regularly to reduce the spread of infections
• Avoiding contact with individuals with contagious illnesses
Conclusion
To summarize, splenectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove an enlarged or diseased spleen. It can be used to treat a variety of conditions, such as blood disorders, spleen tumors, and infection. The main benefit of the procedure is the removal of potentially harmful bacteria.
It is important to talk to a doctor before and after splenectomy to assess the benefits and risks associated with the procedure and to determine if it is the right option for you. After splenectomy, it is important to take precautions to reduce the risk of infection, such as receiving vaccines and taking antibiotics before and after surgery.
Définition et aperçu
La splénectomie est une procédure qui enlève une rupture de la rate généralement due à une blessure à l'abdomen. La rate, un organe situé sous la cage thoracique, est responsable de la lutte contre les infections et du filtrage des cellules sanguines endommagées et d'autres matériaux inutiles à l'intérieur du corps.
Due to technological advances in the field of medicine, this spleen removal procedure can now be performed using minimally invasive techniques, which reduce the risks associated with open surgery and shorten the patient’s recovery period.
La splénectomie peut être totale ou partielle. Il est important de noter que la rate ne se régénère pas ou ne repousse pas après une ablation chirurgicale de tout ou partie de l'organe, contrairement à d'autres organes tels que le foie. La recherche montre que certaines personnes ont une seconde rate plus petite, connue sous le nom de «rate accessoire», qui prend généralement en charge les fonctions de l'organe prélevé.
Qui devrait subir et résultats attendus
La splénectomie est souvent pratiquée sur des patients présentant une blessure à l'abdomen qui a provoqué la rupture ou l'ouverture de la rate, ce qui augmente le risque d'hémorragie interne pouvant menacer la santé globale du patient. Les causes courantes de blessure à la rate sont les suivantes :
- Accidents de voiture
- Pratiquer des sports de contact, y compris le hockey, le rugby ou le football, et subir des coups à l'abdomen
L'élargissement anormal de la rate peut également entraîner une rupture.
D'autres conditions qui pourraient nécessiter une splénectomie comprennent:
Cancer, en particulier les types qui affectent directement la rate ou le sang, tels que la maladie lymphocytaire chronique leucémie, les lymphomes hodgkiniens et non hodgkiniens et la leucémie à tricholeucocytes.
Troubles sanguins, qui peuvent inclure la drépanocytose anémie, polycythemia vera, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, et la thalassémie. Cependant, il est important de noter qu'une procédure d'ablation de la rate n'est pas la première ligne de traitement pour les patients souffrant de troubles sanguins. Le médecin ne recommandera une splénectomie que lorsque toutes les autres formes de traitement n'ont pas réussi à améliorer l'état du patient.
Kystes ou tumeurs de la rate qui sont diagnostiqués comme des excroissances bénignes mais qui nécessitent un retrait immédiat pour prévenir de graves complications à l'avenir.
Une infection grave de la rate, qui a entraîné une inflammation et la formation de pus dans l'organe. Encore une fois, l'ablation de la rate n'est pas la première ligne de traitement dans cette situation, mais sera recommandée si l'infection n'a pas répondu à d'autres formes de traitement.
La splénectomie peut également être réalisée comme procédure de diagnostic, en particulier chez les patients présentant une hypertrophie de la rate qui ne peut être expliquée par d'autres types de techniques de diagnostic.
Comment se déroule la procédure ?
Splenectomy can be performed as an emergency or a non-emergency procedure. Typically, as soon as the doctor determines that the patient has a ruptured spleen (typically by observing symptoms such as unstable vital signs, abnormally low blood pressure, and signs of serious internal bleeding), the patient will be recommended for an immediate spleen removal procedure.
Dans les cas non urgents, le médecin effectuera d'abord un examen physique complet, y compris des tests sanguins et d'autres procédures de laboratoire et d'imagerie pour déterminer si le patient est un candidat idéal pour la procédure. Le médecin soumettra également le patient à un régime alimentaire spécial (principalement composé de liquides) et fournira des médicaments pour nettoyer les intestins avant l'opération. Des vaccins peuvent également être prescrits pour prévenir l'apparition de l'infection.
The surgery, which is performed under general anaesthesia, can be performed using either traditional open surgery or by using minimally invasive methods.
Chirurgie ouverte - Cela nécessite une incision assez large sur le côté gauche de l'abdomen pour accéder à la partie de la cage thoracique où se trouve la rate. L'approvisionnement en sang de l'organe est alors coupé avant qu'il ne soit déconnecté du pancréas. Dès que la rate est retirée avec succès, le chirurgien fermera l'incision à l'aide de petites sutures.
Splénectomie laparoscopique - Il s'agit d'une procédure peu invasive et est réalisée à l'aide d'un instrument spécial appelé laparoscope, qui est un outil mince et allongé avec une caméra et une lumière fixée à une extrémité. Cela nécessite trois à quatre petites incisions dans l'abdomen où le laparoscope et d'autres petits outils chirurgicaux sont insérés. Le dioxyde de carbone est introduit dans la région abdominale pour localiser efficacement et en toute sécurité la rate. L'organe est ensuite déconnecté du pancréas et retiré par l'une des incisions. Ces petites incisions sont fermées à l'aide de petites sutures ou d'agrafes chirurgicales.
Risques et complications possibles
La splénectomie est généralement sans danger, mais comme d'autres types d'interventions chirurgicales, elle s'accompagne de risques et de complications, notamment :
- Hémorragie interne
- Formation de caillots sanguins pouvant éventuellement pénétrer dans la circulation sanguine du patient
- infections
Blessure ou perforation des organes voisins, y compris le pancréas, l'estomac et le côlon
Il existe également la possibilité d'infections à long terme en raison de l'absence de rate, qui combat activement l'infection. Pour réduire le risque d'infections graves, voire mortelles, les médecins recommandent généralement des vaccins contre la grippe, l'Haemophilus influenza de type B, les méningocoques et pneumonie. Des antibiotiques préventifs peuvent également être prescrits aux personnes vulnérables aux infections graves.
Les référencesBrandow AM, Camitta BC. Hyposplénisme, traumatisme splénique et splénectomie. Dans : Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme, Schor NF, eds. Manuel Nelson de pédiatrie. 20e éd. Philadelphie, Pennsylvanie : Elsevier Saunders ; 2016 : chap. 487.
Lee MH, Phillips EH. Splénectomie laparoscopique. Dans : Cameron JL, Cameron AM, éd. Thérapie chirurgicale actuelle. 11e éd. Philadelphie, Pennsylvanie : Elsevier Saunders ; 2014 :1345-1349.
Shelton J, Holzman MD. La rate. Dans : Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Manuel de chirurgie. 19e éd. Philadelphie, Pennsylvanie : Elsevier Saunders ; 2012 : chap. 57.
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Very informative! Great article!
I’m glad this was so helpful!