Arteriovenous Malformation

**Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)**

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins in the brain or spinal cord. AVMs are rare, occurring in only 0.07% to 1% of the general population, and can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired).

**Symptoms**

Symptoms of AVM vary depending on the location and size of the malformation. Common symptoms include:

* Headaches
* Seizures
* Vision problems
* Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body
* Difficulty speaking
* Bleeding into the brain

**Diagnosis**

AVMs are typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as:

* MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
* CT (Computed Tomography)
* Angiography (a special type of X-ray that involves injecting a contrast agent to visualize blood vessels)

**Treatment**

Treatment options for AVM depend on its location, size, and severity. Treatment options include:

* Radiosurgery (using high-energy radiation to shrink the AVM)
* Surgery (to remove or repair the AVM)
* Embolization (blocking the blood flow to the AVM)
* Medications (to control symptoms such as seizures and pain)