Épanchement pleural

**Pleural Effusion: A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis, Causes, and Treatment**

**Overview:**
Pleural effusion, a buildup of fluid in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall, can originate from medical conditions like pneumonia, heart failure, or cancer. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and proper management strategies ensures timely diagnosis and optimal patient outcomes.

**Causes:**
– Infection (Pneumonia, Tuberculosis)
– Heart Failure
– Liver Disease
– Cancer (Lung, Breast)
– Connective Tissue Disorders
– Renal Failure
– Pulmonary Embolism
– Trauma

**Symptoms:**
– Shortness of Breath
– Chest Pain
– Fever
– Cough
– Wheezing
– Fatigue

**Diagnosis:**
Thorough medical history, physical examination, combined with diagnostic tests such as chest X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan help confirm pleural effusion. Removal and analysis of pleural fluid through a procedure called thoracentesis aid in determining underlying causes.

**Treatment:**
Management of pleural effusion depends on the underlying cause and may involve:
– Drainage of Fluid
– Medical Treatment (Antibiotics, Diuretics, Chemotherapy)
– Pleurodesis (Scarring the Pleural Space to Prevent Fluid Reaccumulation)

**Prevention:**
While not always possible, reducing the risk factors associated with certain causes (e.g., smoking, managing chronic illnesses) can help prevent pleural effusion in some cases.

**Keywords:**
– Pleural effusion
– Fluid accumulation
– Pleural space
– Lungs
– Chest wall
– Pneumonia
– Heart failure
– Cancer
– Diagnosis
– Symptoms
– Treatment
– Drainage
– Medical management
– Pleurodesis
– Prevention