Qu'est-ce que l'hypothyroïdie congénitale?

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**Q: What is Congenital Hypothyroidism?**



**A:** Congenital ‍hypothyroidism‍ (CH) ‌is a ⁢rare medical condition in which‍ an infant ⁣is born ‍with an underactive thyroid. The thyroid is a small, endocrine coin-sized organ in ‍the neck that produces two ‌hormones: T3⁤ (triiodothyronine) ‌and T4 ⁤(thyroxine).⁤ These hormones are essential for the growth and development of the brain and nervous‍ system, ⁤especially during the first year of⁤ life.



**Q: What causes ⁣CH?**



**A:**​ Most‌ cases of CH ‍are caused by a thyroid development problem that occurs during pregnancy. In‍ about half‍ of these⁢ cases (found among White and Hispanic ​populations), the thyroid is not formed⁤ or is⁤ in an unusual location (called thyroid ectopy),⁢ fails‌ to secrete hormones (aplasia), or ⁤is damaged by​ a problem ⁢with the immune system⁤ (lymphocytic thyroiditis). The ⁣other half of the time, the cause​ of CH is unknown (sporadically ​cases) but could be from⁣ premature birth. Occasionally, CH can be caused by taking certain types of medication during ‍pregnancy, iodine, and ‌other environmental factors‍ (mostly seen in Asian countries).



**Q: What are ⁢the symptoms ⁢of⁤ CH?**



**A:**⁤ The symptoms of CH can vary depending on the age of the infant and the ⁤amount ​of thyroid‌ hormones that are present. Signs that‍ you might notice in general are:

– In newborns: yellow or yellowish skin (physiological jaundice), poor muscle tone, a hoarse cry, or difficulty ⁢breathing, and slow reflexes may ⁣also be present.

– In ⁤older children: growth failure, delayed motor development, and delayed mental development.



**Q: How is CH ​treated?**



**A:** Treatment for CH involves taking thyroid hormones replacement. Treatment includes taking oral tablet medicine called levothyroxine. This medicine is​ a⁢ synthetic form​ of the ​thyroid hormones that the body is not able to ⁣produce on its own.​ It ⁣is essential to start treatment ​as soon as possible to‍ ensure proper growth ​and development.



**Q: What is the prognosis for CH?**



**A:** With ⁢early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for individuals‍ with CH‍ is generally excellent. If the condition ⁣is detected and treated ‍early, most ​children with CH can live ⁤healthy and normal lives. However, if the condition is not detected and treated early, it can‌ lead to a range of serious lifelong problems.⁣ This means that it is ‌important for you and​ your doctor to discuss early ⁢detection of CH to ensure your health.



**Q: Who is recommended ⁢for CH‍ newborn screening?**



**A:** ‌CH screening is generally ‌recommended ‌for all⁤ newborns in the United States regardless⁢ of their birthplace. This ⁤is done ​to ensure that any potential cases of‌ CH can be​ detected and treated early on.



**Q: What⁢ is the treatment goal for CH?**



**A:** The ‌treatment ⁤goal for CH is to maintain normal levels of⁢ thyroid hormones in the body. This is done by taking ​thyroid⁢ hormones replacement medication.



**Q: What is‍ the‍ most common cause‌ of⁣ CH?**



**A:** The‌ most common cause of CH ⁤is a problem with the ⁢formation or development of⁣ the thyroid.